GasPvtThermal.hpp

Go to the documentation of this file.

// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
/*
  This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
 
  OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.
 
  OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  GNU General Public License for more details.
 
  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with OPM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
  Consult the COPYING file in the top-level source directory of this
  module for the precise wording of the license and the list of
  copyright holders.
*/
#ifndef OPM_GAS_PVT_THERMAL_HPP
#define OPM_GAS_PVT_THERMAL_HPP
 
#include <opm/material/common/Tabulated1DFunction.hpp>
 
#if HAVE_ECL_INPUT
#include <opm/input/eclipse/EclipseState/EclipseState.hpp>
#include <opm/input/eclipse/EclipseState/Tables/SimpleTable.hpp>
#include <opm/input/eclipse/EclipseState/Tables/TableManager.hpp>
#endif
 
namespace Opm {
template <class Scalar, bool enableThermal>
class GasPvtMultiplexer;
 
template <class Scalar>
class GasPvtThermal
{
public:
    using IsothermalPvt = GasPvtMultiplexer<Scalar, /*enableThermal=*/false>;
    using TabulatedOneDFunction = Tabulated1DFunction<Scalar>;
 
    GasPvtThermal()
    {
        enableThermalDensity_ = false;
        enableJouleThomson_ = false;
        enableThermalViscosity_ = false;
        isothermalPvt_ = nullptr;
    }
 
    GasPvtThermal(IsothermalPvt* isothermalPvt,
                  const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& gasvisctCurves,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& gasdentRefTemp,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& gasdentCT1,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& gasdentCT2,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& gasJTRefPres,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& gasJTC,
                  const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& internalEnergyCurves,
                  bool enableThermalDensity,
                  bool enableJouleThomson,
                  bool enableThermalViscosity,
                  bool enableInternalEnergy)
        : isothermalPvt_(isothermalPvt)
        , gasvisctCurves_(gasvisctCurves)
        , gasdentRefTemp_(gasdentRefTemp)
        , gasdentCT1_(gasdentCT1)
        , gasdentCT2_(gasdentCT2)
        , gasJTRefPres_(gasJTRefPres)
        , gasJTC_(gasJTC)
        , internalEnergyCurves_(internalEnergyCurves)
        , enableThermalDensity_(enableThermalDensity)
        , enableJouleThomson_(enableJouleThomson)
        , enableThermalViscosity_(enableThermalViscosity)
        , enableInternalEnergy_(enableInternalEnergy)
    { }
 
    GasPvtThermal(const GasPvtThermal& data)
    { *this = data; }
 
    ~GasPvtThermal()
    { delete isothermalPvt_; }
 
#if HAVE_ECL_INPUT
    void initFromState(const EclipseState& eclState, const Schedule& schedule)
    {
        // initialize the isothermal part
        isothermalPvt_ = new IsothermalPvt;
        isothermalPvt_->initFromState(eclState, schedule);
 
        // initialize the thermal part
        const auto& tables = eclState.getTableManager();
 
        enableThermalDensity_ = tables.GasDenT().size() > 0;
        enableJouleThomson_ = tables.GasJT().size() > 0;
        enableThermalViscosity_ = tables.hasTables("GASVISCT");
        enableInternalEnergy_ = tables.hasTables("SPECHEAT");
 
        unsigned numRegions = isothermalPvt_->numRegions();
        setNumRegions(numRegions);
 
        // viscosity
        if (enableThermalViscosity_) {
            const auto& gasvisctTables = tables.getGasvisctTables();
            auto gasCompIdx = tables.gas_comp_index();
            std::string gasvisctColumnName = "Viscosity" + std::to_string(static_cast<long long>(gasCompIdx));
 
            for (unsigned regionIdx = 0; regionIdx < numRegions; ++regionIdx) {
                const auto& T = gasvisctTables[regionIdx].getColumn("Temperature").vectorCopy();
                const auto& mu = gasvisctTables[regionIdx].getColumn(gasvisctColumnName).vectorCopy();
                gasvisctCurves_[regionIdx].setXYContainers(T, mu);
            }
        }
 
        // temperature dependence of gas density
        if (enableThermalDensity_) {
            const auto& gasDenT = tables.GasDenT();
 
            assert(gasDenT.size() == numRegions);
            for (unsigned regionIdx = 0; regionIdx < numRegions; ++regionIdx) {
                const auto& record = gasDenT[regionIdx];
 
                gasdentRefTemp_[regionIdx] = record.T0;
                gasdentCT1_[regionIdx] = record.C1;
                gasdentCT2_[regionIdx] = record.C2;
            }
        }
 
        // Joule Thomson 
        if (enableJouleThomson_) {
            const auto& gasJT = tables.GasJT();
 
            assert(gasJT.size() == numRegions);
            for (unsigned regionIdx = 0; regionIdx < numRegions; ++regionIdx) {
                const auto& record = gasJT[regionIdx];
 
                gasJTRefPres_[regionIdx] =  record.P0;
                gasJTC_[regionIdx] = record.C1;
            }
 
            const auto& densityTable = eclState.getTableManager().getDensityTable();
 
            assert(densityTable.size() == numRegions);
            for (unsigned regionIdx = 0; regionIdx < numRegions; ++ regionIdx) {
                 rhoRefO_[regionIdx] = densityTable[regionIdx].oil;
            }
        }
 
        if (enableInternalEnergy_) {
            // the specific internal energy of gas. be aware that ecl only specifies the heat capacity
            // (via the SPECHEAT keyword) and we need to integrate it ourselfs to get the
            // internal energy
            for (unsigned regionIdx = 0; regionIdx < numRegions; ++regionIdx) {
                const auto& specHeatTable = tables.getSpecheatTables()[regionIdx];
                const auto& temperatureColumn = specHeatTable.getColumn("TEMPERATURE");
                const auto& cvGasColumn = specHeatTable.getColumn("CV_GAS");
 
                std::vector<double> uSamples(temperatureColumn.size());
 
                // the specific enthalpy of vaporization. since ECL does not seem to
                // feature a proper way to specify this quantity, we use the value for
                // methane. A proper model would also need to consider the enthalpy
                // change due to dissolution, i.e. the enthalpies of the gas and oil
                // phases should depend on the phase composition
                const Scalar hVap = 480.6e3; // [J / kg]
 
                Scalar u = temperatureColumn[0]*cvGasColumn[0] + hVap;
                for (size_t i = 0;; ++i) {
                    uSamples[i] = u;
 
                    if (i >= temperatureColumn.size() - 1)
                        break;
 
                    // integrate to the heat capacity from the current sampling point to the next
                    // one. this leads to a quadratic polynomial.
                    Scalar c_v0 = cvGasColumn[i];
                    Scalar c_v1 = cvGasColumn[i + 1];
                    Scalar T0 = temperatureColumn[i];
                    Scalar T1 = temperatureColumn[i + 1];
                    u += 0.5*(c_v0 + c_v1)*(T1 - T0);
                }
 
                internalEnergyCurves_[regionIdx].setXYContainers(temperatureColumn.vectorCopy(), uSamples);
            }
        }
    }
#endif // HAVE_ECL_INPUT
 
    void setNumRegions(size_t numRegions)
    {
        gasvisctCurves_.resize(numRegions);
        internalEnergyCurves_.resize(numRegions);
        gasdentRefTemp_.resize(numRegions);
        gasdentCT1_.resize(numRegions);
        gasdentCT2_.resize(numRegions);
        gasJTRefPres_.resize(numRegions);
        gasJTC_.resize(numRegions);
        rhoRefO_.resize(numRegions);
    }
 
    void initEnd()
    { }
 
    size_t numRegions() const
    { return gasvisctCurves_.size(); }
 
    bool enableThermalDensity() const
    { return enableThermalDensity_; }
 
    bool enableJouleThomsony() const
    { return enableJouleThomson_; }
 
    bool enableThermalViscosity() const
    { return enableThermalViscosity_; }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation internalEnergy(unsigned regionIdx,
                              const Evaluation& temperature,
                              const Evaluation& pressure,
                              const Evaluation& Rv) const
    {
        if (!enableInternalEnergy_)
             throw std::runtime_error("Requested the internal energy of gas but it is disabled");
 
        if (!enableJouleThomson_) {
            // compute the specific internal energy for the specified tempature. We use linear
            // interpolation here despite the fact that the underlying heat capacities are
            // piecewise linear (which leads to a quadratic function)
            return internalEnergyCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, /*extrapolate=*/true);
        }
        else {
            Evaluation Tref = gasdentRefTemp_[regionIdx];
            Evaluation Pref = gasJTRefPres_[regionIdx]; 
            Scalar JTC = gasJTC_[regionIdx]; // if JTC is default then JTC is calculated
            Evaluation Rvw = 0.0;
 
            Evaluation invB = inverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure, Rv, Rvw);
            constexpr const Scalar hVap = 480.6e3; // [J / kg]
            Evaluation Cp = (internalEnergyCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, /*extrapolate=*/true) - hVap)/temperature;
            Evaluation density = invB * (gasReferenceDensity(regionIdx) + Rv * rhoRefO_[regionIdx]);
 
            Evaluation enthalpyPres;
            if  (JTC != 0) {
                enthalpyPres = -Cp * JTC * (pressure -Pref);
            }
            else if(enableThermalDensity_) {
                Scalar c1T = gasdentCT1_[regionIdx];
                Scalar c2T = gasdentCT2_[regionIdx];
              
                Evaluation alpha = (c1T + 2 * c2T * (temperature - Tref)) /
                    (1 + c1T  *(temperature - Tref) + c2T * (temperature - Tref) * (temperature - Tref));
 
                constexpr const int N = 100; // value is experimental
                Evaluation deltaP = (pressure - Pref)/N;
                Evaluation enthalpyPresPrev = 0;
                for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
                    Evaluation Pnew = Pref + i * deltaP;
                    Evaluation rho = inverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature, Pnew, Rv, Rvw) *
                                     (gasReferenceDensity(regionIdx) + Rv * rhoRefO_[regionIdx]);
                    // see e.g.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule-Thomson_effect for a derivation of the Joule-Thomson coeff.
                    Evaluation jouleThomsonCoefficient = -(1.0/Cp) * (1.0 - alpha * temperature)/rho;
                    Evaluation deltaEnthalpyPres = -Cp * jouleThomsonCoefficient * deltaP;
                    enthalpyPres = enthalpyPresPrev + deltaEnthalpyPres; 
                    enthalpyPresPrev = enthalpyPres;
                }
            }
            else {
                  throw std::runtime_error("Requested Joule-thomson calculation but thermal gas density (GASDENT) is not provided");
            }
 
            Evaluation enthalpy = Cp * (temperature - Tref) + enthalpyPres;
 
            return enthalpy - pressure/density;
        }
    }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation viscosity(unsigned regionIdx,
                         const Evaluation& temperature,
                         const Evaluation& pressure,
                         const Evaluation& Rv,
                         const Evaluation& Rvw) const
    {
        if (!enableThermalViscosity())
            return isothermalPvt_->viscosity(regionIdx, temperature, pressure, Rv, Rvw);
 
        // compute the viscosity deviation due to temperature
        const auto& muGasvisct = gasvisctCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature);
        return muGasvisct;
    }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedViscosity(unsigned regionIdx,
                                  const Evaluation& temperature,
                                  const Evaluation& pressure) const
    {
        if (!enableThermalViscosity())
            return isothermalPvt_->saturatedViscosity(regionIdx, temperature, pressure);
 
        // compute the viscosity deviation due to temperature
        const auto& muGasvisct = gasvisctCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, true);
        return muGasvisct;
    }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation inverseFormationVolumeFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                            const Evaluation& temperature,
                                            const Evaluation& pressure,
                                            const Evaluation& Rv,
                                            const Evaluation& /*Rvw*/) const
    {
        const Evaluation& Rvw = 0.0;
        const auto& b =
            isothermalPvt_->inverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure, Rv, Rvw);
 
        if (!enableThermalDensity())
            return b;
 
        // we use the same approach as for the for water here, but with the OPM-specific
        // GASDENT keyword.
        //
        // TODO: Since gas is quite a bit more compressible than water, it might be
        //       necessary to make GASDENT to a table keyword. If the current temperature
        //       is relatively close to the reference temperature, the current approach
        //       should be good enough, though.
        Scalar TRef = gasdentRefTemp_[regionIdx];
        Scalar cT1 = gasdentCT1_[regionIdx];
        Scalar cT2 = gasdentCT2_[regionIdx];
        const Evaluation& Y = temperature - TRef;
 
        return b/(1 + (cT1 + cT2*Y)*Y);
    }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedInverseFormationVolumeFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                                     const Evaluation& temperature,
                                                     const Evaluation& pressure) const
    {
        const auto& b =
            isothermalPvt_->saturatedInverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure);
 
        if (!enableThermalDensity())
            return b;
 
        // we use the same approach as for the for water here, but with the OPM-specific
        // GASDENT keyword.
        //
        // TODO: Since gas is quite a bit more compressible than water, it might be
        //       necessary to make GASDENT to a table keyword. If the current temperature
        //       is relatively close to the reference temperature, the current approach
        //       should be good enough, though.
        Scalar TRef = gasdentRefTemp_[regionIdx];
        Scalar cT1 = gasdentCT1_[regionIdx];
        Scalar cT2 = gasdentCT2_[regionIdx];
        const Evaluation& Y = temperature - TRef;
 
        return b/(1 + (cT1 + cT2*Y)*Y);
    }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedWaterVaporizationFactor(unsigned /*regionIdx*/,
                                              const Evaluation& /*temperature*/,
                                              const Evaluation& /*pressure*/) const
    { return 0.0; }
 
    template <class Evaluation = Scalar>
    Evaluation saturatedWaterVaporizationFactor(unsigned /*regionIdx*/,
                                              const Evaluation& /*temperature*/,
                                              const Evaluation& /*pressure*/, 
                                              const Evaluation& /*saltConcentration*/) const
    { return 0.0; }
 
    
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedOilVaporizationFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                              const Evaluation& temperature,
                                              const Evaluation& pressure) const
    { return isothermalPvt_->saturatedOilVaporizationFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure); }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedOilVaporizationFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                              const Evaluation& temperature,
                                              const Evaluation& pressure,
                                              const Evaluation& oilSaturation,
                                              const Evaluation& maxOilSaturation) const
    { return isothermalPvt_->saturatedOilVaporizationFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure, oilSaturation, maxOilSaturation); }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturationPressure(unsigned regionIdx,
                                  const Evaluation& temperature,
                                  const Evaluation& pressure) const
    { return isothermalPvt_->saturationPressure(regionIdx, temperature, pressure); }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation diffusionCoefficient(const Evaluation& temperature,
                                    const Evaluation& pressure,
                                    unsigned compIdx) const
    {
        return isothermalPvt_->diffusionCoefficient(temperature, pressure, compIdx);
    }
    const IsothermalPvt* isoThermalPvt() const
    { return isothermalPvt_; }
 
    const Scalar gasReferenceDensity(unsigned regionIdx) const
    { return isothermalPvt_->gasReferenceDensity(regionIdx); }
 
    const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& gasvisctCurves() const
    { return gasvisctCurves_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& gasdentRefTemp() const
    { return gasdentRefTemp_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& gasdentCT1() const
    { return gasdentCT1_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& gasdentCT2() const
    { return gasdentCT2_; }
 
    const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& internalEnergyCurves() const
    { return internalEnergyCurves_; }
 
    bool enableInternalEnergy() const
    { return enableInternalEnergy_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& gasJTRefPres() const
    { return  gasJTRefPres_; }
 
     const std::vector<Scalar>&  gasJTC() const
    { return gasJTC_; }
 
 
    bool operator==(const GasPvtThermal<Scalar>& data) const
    {
        if (isothermalPvt_ && !data.isothermalPvt_)
            return false;
        if (!isothermalPvt_ && data.isothermalPvt_)
            return false;
 
        return (!this->isoThermalPvt() ||
                (*this->isoThermalPvt() == *data.isoThermalPvt())) &&
                this->gasvisctCurves() == data.gasvisctCurves() &&
                this->gasdentRefTemp() == data.gasdentRefTemp() &&
                this->gasdentCT1() == data.gasdentCT1() &&
                this->gasdentCT2() == data.gasdentCT2() &&
                this->gasJTRefPres() == data.gasJTRefPres() &&
                this->gasJTC() == data.gasJTC() &&
                this->internalEnergyCurves() == data.internalEnergyCurves() &&
                this->enableThermalDensity() == data.enableThermalDensity() &&
                this->enableJouleThomson() == data.enableJouleThomson() &&
                this->enableThermalViscosity() == data.enableThermalViscosity() &&
                this->enableInternalEnergy() == data.enableInternalEnergy();
    }
 
    GasPvtThermal<Scalar>& operator=(const GasPvtThermal<Scalar>& data)
    {
        if (data.isothermalPvt_)
            isothermalPvt_ = new IsothermalPvt(*data.isothermalPvt_);
        else
            isothermalPvt_ = nullptr;
        gasvisctCurves_ = data.gasvisctCurves_;
        gasdentRefTemp_ = data.gasdentRefTemp_;
        gasdentCT1_ = data.gasdentCT1_;
        gasdentCT2_ = data.gasdentCT2_;
        gasJTRefPres_ =  data.gasJTRefPres_;
        gasJTC_ =  data.gasJTC_;
        internalEnergyCurves_ = data.internalEnergyCurves_;
        enableThermalDensity_ = data.enableThermalDensity_;
        enableJouleThomson_ = data.enableJouleThomson_;
        enableThermalViscosity_ = data.enableThermalViscosity_;
        enableInternalEnergy_ = data.enableInternalEnergy_;
 
        return *this;
    }
 
private:
    IsothermalPvt* isothermalPvt_;
 
    // The PVT properties needed for temperature dependence of the viscosity. We need
    // to store one value per PVT region.
    std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction> gasvisctCurves_;
 
    std::vector<Scalar> gasdentRefTemp_;
    std::vector<Scalar> gasdentCT1_;
    std::vector<Scalar> gasdentCT2_;
 
    std::vector<Scalar> gasJTRefPres_;
    std::vector<Scalar> gasJTC_;
 
    std::vector<Scalar> rhoRefO_;
 
    // piecewise linear curve representing the internal energy of gas
    std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction> internalEnergyCurves_;
 
    bool enableThermalDensity_;
    bool enableJouleThomson_;
    bool enableThermalViscosity_;
    bool enableInternalEnergy_;
};
 
} // namespace Opm
 
#endif