OilPvtThermal.hpp

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// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
/*
  This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
 
  OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.
 
  OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  GNU General Public License for more details.
 
  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with OPM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
  Consult the COPYING file in the top-level source directory of this
  module for the precise wording of the license and the list of
  copyright holders.
*/
#ifndef OPM_OIL_PVT_THERMAL_HPP
#define OPM_OIL_PVT_THERMAL_HPP
 
#include <opm/material/common/Tabulated1DFunction.hpp>
 
#if HAVE_ECL_INPUT
#include <opm/input/eclipse/EclipseState/EclipseState.hpp>
#include <opm/input/eclipse/EclipseState/Tables/SimpleTable.hpp>
#include <opm/input/eclipse/EclipseState/Tables/TableManager.hpp>
#endif
 
namespace Opm {
template <class Scalar, bool enableThermal>
class OilPvtMultiplexer;
 
template <class Scalar>
class OilPvtThermal
{
public:
    using TabulatedOneDFunction = Tabulated1DFunction<Scalar>;
    using IsothermalPvt = OilPvtMultiplexer<Scalar, /*enableThermal=*/false>;
 
    OilPvtThermal()
    {
        enableThermalDensity_ = false;
        enableJouleThomson_ = false;
        enableThermalViscosity_ = false;
        enableInternalEnergy_ = false;
        isothermalPvt_ = nullptr;
    }
 
    OilPvtThermal(IsothermalPvt* isothermalPvt,
                  const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& oilvisctCurves,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& viscrefPress,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& viscrefRs,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& viscRef,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& oildentRefTemp,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& oildentCT1,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& oildentCT2,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& oilJTRefPres,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& oilJTC,
                  const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& internalEnergyCurves,
                  bool enableThermalDensity,
                  bool enableJouleThomson,
                  bool enableThermalViscosity,
                  bool enableInternalEnergy)
        : isothermalPvt_(isothermalPvt)
        , oilvisctCurves_(oilvisctCurves)
        , viscrefPress_(viscrefPress)
        , viscrefRs_(viscrefRs)
        , viscRef_(viscRef)
        , oildentRefTemp_(oildentRefTemp)
        , oildentCT1_(oildentCT1)
        , oildentCT2_(oildentCT2)
        , oilJTRefPres_(oilJTRefPres)
        , oilJTC_(oilJTC)
        , internalEnergyCurves_(internalEnergyCurves)
        , enableThermalDensity_(enableThermalDensity)
        , enableJouleThomson_(enableJouleThomson)
        , enableThermalViscosity_(enableThermalViscosity)
        , enableInternalEnergy_(enableInternalEnergy)
    { }
 
    OilPvtThermal(const OilPvtThermal& data)
    { *this = data; }
 
    ~OilPvtThermal()
    { delete isothermalPvt_; }
 
#if HAVE_ECL_INPUT
    void initFromState(const EclipseState& eclState, const Schedule& schedule)
    {
        // initialize the isothermal part
        isothermalPvt_ = new IsothermalPvt;
        isothermalPvt_->initFromState(eclState, schedule);
 
        // initialize the thermal part
        const auto& tables = eclState.getTableManager();
 
        enableThermalDensity_ = tables.OilDenT().size() > 0;
        enableThermalViscosity_ = tables.hasTables("OILVISCT");
        enableInternalEnergy_ = tables.hasTables("SPECHEAT");
 
        unsigned numRegions = isothermalPvt_->numRegions();
        setNumRegions(numRegions);
 
        // viscosity
        if (enableThermalViscosity_) {
            if (tables.getViscrefTable().empty())
                throw std::runtime_error("VISCREF is required when OILVISCT is present");
 
            const auto& oilvisctTables = tables.getOilvisctTables();
            const auto& viscrefTable = tables.getViscrefTable();
 
            assert(oilvisctTables.size() == numRegions);
            assert(viscrefTable.size() == numRegions);
 
            for (unsigned regionIdx = 0; regionIdx < numRegions; ++regionIdx) {
                const auto& TCol = oilvisctTables[regionIdx].getColumn("Temperature").vectorCopy();
                const auto& muCol = oilvisctTables[regionIdx].getColumn("Viscosity").vectorCopy();
                oilvisctCurves_[regionIdx].setXYContainers(TCol, muCol);
 
                viscrefPress_[regionIdx] = viscrefTable[regionIdx].reference_pressure;
                viscrefRs_[regionIdx] = viscrefTable[regionIdx].reference_rs;
 
                // temperature used to calculate the reference viscosity [K]. the
                // value does not really matter if the underlying PVT object really
                // is isothermal...
                constexpr const Scalar Tref = 273.15 + 20;
 
                // compute the reference viscosity using the isothermal PVT object.
                viscRef_[regionIdx] =
                    isothermalPvt_->viscosity(regionIdx,
                                              Tref,
                                              viscrefPress_[regionIdx],
                                              viscrefRs_[regionIdx]);
            }
        }
 
        // temperature dependence of oil density
        const auto& oilDenT = tables.OilDenT();
        if (oilDenT.size() > 0) {
            assert(oilDenT.size() == numRegions);
            for (unsigned regionIdx = 0; regionIdx < numRegions; ++regionIdx) {
                const auto& record = oilDenT[regionIdx];
 
                oildentRefTemp_[regionIdx] = record.T0;
                oildentCT1_[regionIdx] = record.C1;
                oildentCT2_[regionIdx] = record.C2;
            }
        }
 
        // Joule Thomson 
        if (enableJouleThomson_) {
            const auto& oilJT = tables.OilJT();
 
            assert(oilJT.size() == numRegions);
            for (unsigned regionIdx = 0; regionIdx < numRegions; ++regionIdx) {
                const auto& record = oilJT[regionIdx];
 
                oilJTRefPres_[regionIdx] =  record.P0;
                oilJTC_[regionIdx] = record.C1;
            }
 
            const auto& densityTable = eclState.getTableManager().getDensityTable();
 
            assert(densityTable.size() == numRegions);
            for (unsigned regionIdx = 0; regionIdx < numRegions; ++ regionIdx) {
                 rhoRefG_[regionIdx] = densityTable[regionIdx].gas;
            }
        }
 
        if (enableInternalEnergy_) {
            // the specific internal energy of liquid oil. be aware that ecl only specifies the
            // heat capacity (via the SPECHEAT keyword) and we need to integrate it
            // ourselfs to get the internal energy
            for (unsigned regionIdx = 0; regionIdx < numRegions; ++regionIdx) {
                const auto& specheatTable = tables.getSpecheatTables()[regionIdx];
                const auto& temperatureColumn = specheatTable.getColumn("TEMPERATURE");
                const auto& cvOilColumn = specheatTable.getColumn("CV_OIL");
 
                std::vector<double> uSamples(temperatureColumn.size());
 
                Scalar u = temperatureColumn[0]*cvOilColumn[0];
                for (size_t i = 0;; ++i) {
                    uSamples[i] = u;
 
                    if (i >= temperatureColumn.size() - 1)
                        break;
 
                    // integrate to the heat capacity from the current sampling point to the next
                    // one. this leads to a quadratic polynomial.
                    Scalar c_v0 = cvOilColumn[i];
                    Scalar c_v1 = cvOilColumn[i + 1];
                    Scalar T0 = temperatureColumn[i];
                    Scalar T1 = temperatureColumn[i + 1];
                    u += 0.5*(c_v0 + c_v1)*(T1 - T0);
                }
 
                internalEnergyCurves_[regionIdx].setXYContainers(temperatureColumn.vectorCopy(), uSamples);
            }
        }
    }
#endif // HAVE_ECL_INPUT
 
    void setNumRegions(size_t numRegions)
    {
        oilvisctCurves_.resize(numRegions);
        viscrefPress_.resize(numRegions);
        viscrefRs_.resize(numRegions);
        viscRef_.resize(numRegions);
        internalEnergyCurves_.resize(numRegions);
        oildentRefTemp_.resize(numRegions);
        oildentCT1_.resize(numRegions);
        oildentCT2_.resize(numRegions);
        oilJTRefPres_.resize(numRegions);
        oilJTC_.resize(numRegions);
        rhoRefG_.resize(numRegions);
    }
 
    void initEnd()
    { }
 
    bool enableThermalDensity() const
    { return enableThermalDensity_; }
 
    bool enableJouleThomsony() const
    { return enableJouleThomson_; }
 
    bool enableThermalViscosity() const
    { return enableThermalViscosity_; }
 
    size_t numRegions() const
    { return viscrefRs_.size(); }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation internalEnergy(unsigned regionIdx,
                              const Evaluation& temperature,
                              const Evaluation& pressure,
                              const Evaluation& Rs) const
    {
        if (!enableInternalEnergy_)
             throw std::runtime_error("Requested the internal energy of oil but it is disabled");
 
        if (!enableJouleThomson_) {
            // compute the specific internal energy for the specified tempature. We use linear
            // interpolation here despite the fact that the underlying heat capacities are
            // piecewise linear (which leads to a quadratic function)
            return internalEnergyCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, /*extrapolate=*/true);
        }
        else {
            Evaluation Tref = oildentRefTemp_[regionIdx];
            Evaluation Pref = oilJTRefPres_[regionIdx]; 
            Scalar JTC = oilJTC_[regionIdx]; // if JTC is default then JTC is calculated
 
            Evaluation invB = inverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure, Rs);
            Evaluation Cp = internalEnergyCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, /*extrapolate=*/true)/temperature;
            Evaluation density = invB * (oilReferenceDensity(regionIdx) + Rs * rhoRefG_[regionIdx]);
 
            Evaluation enthalpyPres;
            if  (JTC != 0) {
                enthalpyPres = -Cp * JTC * (pressure -Pref);
            }
            else if(enableThermalDensity_) {
                Scalar c1T = oildentCT1_[regionIdx];
                Scalar c2T = oildentCT2_[regionIdx];
 
                Evaluation alpha = (c1T + 2 * c2T * (temperature - Tref)) /
                    (1 + c1T  *(temperature - Tref) + c2T * (temperature - Tref) * (temperature - Tref));
 
                const int N = 100; // value is experimental
                Evaluation deltaP = (pressure - Pref)/N;
                Evaluation enthalpyPresPrev = 0;
                for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
                    Evaluation Pnew = Pref + i * deltaP;
                    Evaluation rho = inverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature, Pnew, Rs) *
                                     (oilReferenceDensity(regionIdx) + Rs * rhoRefG_[regionIdx]) ;
                    // see e.g.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule-Thomson_effect for a derivation of the Joule-Thomson coeff.
                    Evaluation jouleThomsonCoefficient = -(1.0/Cp) * (1.0 - alpha * temperature)/rho;  
                    Evaluation deltaEnthalpyPres = -Cp * jouleThomsonCoefficient * deltaP;
                    enthalpyPres = enthalpyPresPrev + deltaEnthalpyPres; 
                    enthalpyPresPrev = enthalpyPres;
                }
            }
            else {
                  throw std::runtime_error("Requested Joule-thomson calculation but thermal oil density (OILDENT) is not provided");
            }
 
            Evaluation enthalpy = Cp * (temperature - Tref) + enthalpyPres;
 
            return enthalpy - pressure/density;
        }
    }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation viscosity(unsigned regionIdx,
                         const Evaluation& temperature,
                         const Evaluation& pressure,
                         const Evaluation& Rs) const
    {
        const auto& isothermalMu = isothermalPvt_->viscosity(regionIdx, temperature, pressure, Rs);
        if (!enableThermalViscosity())
            return isothermalMu;
 
        // compute the viscosity deviation due to temperature
        const auto& muOilvisct = oilvisctCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, /*extrapolate=*/true);
        return muOilvisct/viscRef_[regionIdx]*isothermalMu;
    }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedViscosity(unsigned regionIdx,
                                  const Evaluation& temperature,
                                  const Evaluation& pressure) const
    {
        const auto& isothermalMu = isothermalPvt_->saturatedViscosity(regionIdx, temperature, pressure);
        if (!enableThermalViscosity())
            return isothermalMu;
 
        // compute the viscosity deviation due to temperature
        const auto& muOilvisct = oilvisctCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, /*extrapolate=*/true);
        return muOilvisct/viscRef_[regionIdx]*isothermalMu;
    }
 
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation inverseFormationVolumeFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                            const Evaluation& temperature,
                                            const Evaluation& pressure,
                                            const Evaluation& Rs) const
    {
        const auto& b =
            isothermalPvt_->inverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure, Rs);
 
        if (!enableThermalDensity())
            return b;
 
        // we use the same approach as for the for water here, but with the OPM-specific
        // OILDENT keyword.
        Scalar TRef = oildentRefTemp_[regionIdx];
        Scalar cT1 = oildentCT1_[regionIdx];
        Scalar cT2 = oildentCT2_[regionIdx];
        const Evaluation& Y = temperature - TRef;
 
        return b/(1 + (cT1 + cT2*Y)*Y);
    }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedInverseFormationVolumeFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                                     const Evaluation& temperature,
                                                     const Evaluation& pressure) const
    {
        const auto& b =
            isothermalPvt_->saturatedInverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure);
 
        if (!enableThermalDensity())
            return b;
 
        // we use the same approach as for the for water here, but with the OPM-specific
        // OILDENT keyword.
        Scalar TRef = oildentRefTemp_[regionIdx];
        Scalar cT1 = oildentCT1_[regionIdx];
        Scalar cT2 = oildentCT2_[regionIdx];
        const Evaluation& Y = temperature - TRef;
 
        return b/(1 + (cT1 + cT2*Y)*Y);
    }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedGasDissolutionFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                             const Evaluation& temperature,
                                             const Evaluation& pressure) const
    { return isothermalPvt_->saturatedGasDissolutionFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure); }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedGasDissolutionFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                             const Evaluation& temperature,
                                             const Evaluation& pressure,
                                             const Evaluation& oilSaturation,
                                             const Evaluation& maxOilSaturation) const
    { return isothermalPvt_->saturatedGasDissolutionFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure, oilSaturation, maxOilSaturation); }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturationPressure(unsigned regionIdx,
                                  const Evaluation& temperature,
                                  const Evaluation& pressure) const
    { return isothermalPvt_->saturationPressure(regionIdx, temperature, pressure); }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation diffusionCoefficient(const Evaluation& temperature,
                                    const Evaluation& pressure,
                                    unsigned compIdx) const
    {
        return isothermalPvt_->diffusionCoefficient(temperature, pressure, compIdx);
    }
 
    const IsothermalPvt* isoThermalPvt() const
    { return isothermalPvt_; }
 
    const Scalar oilReferenceDensity(unsigned regionIdx) const
    { return isothermalPvt_->oilReferenceDensity(regionIdx); }
 
    const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& oilvisctCurves() const
    { return oilvisctCurves_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& viscrefPress() const
    { return viscrefPress_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& viscrefRs() const
    { return viscrefRs_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& viscRef() const
    { return viscRef_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& oildentRefTemp() const
    { return oildentRefTemp_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& oildentCT1() const
    { return oildentCT1_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& oildentCT2() const
    { return oildentCT2_; }
 
    const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction> internalEnergyCurves() const
    { return internalEnergyCurves_; }
 
    bool enableInternalEnergy() const
    { return enableInternalEnergy_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& oilJTRefPres() const
    { return  oilJTRefPres_; }
 
     const std::vector<Scalar>&  oilJTC() const
    { return oilJTC_; }
 
    bool operator==(const OilPvtThermal<Scalar>& data) const
    {
        if (isothermalPvt_ && !data.isothermalPvt_)
            return false;
        if (!isothermalPvt_ && data.isothermalPvt_)
            return false;
 
        return (!this->isoThermalPvt() ||
                (*this->isoThermalPvt() == *data.isoThermalPvt())) &&
                this->oilvisctCurves() == data.oilvisctCurves() &&
                this->viscrefPress() == data.viscrefPress() &&
                this->viscrefRs() == data.viscrefRs() &&
                this->viscRef() == data.viscRef() &&
                this->oildentRefTemp() == data.oildentRefTemp() &&
                this->oildentCT1() == data.oildentCT1() &&
                this->oildentCT2() == data.oildentCT2() &&
                this->oilJTRefPres() == data.oilJTRefPres() &&
                this->oilJTC() == data.oilJTC() &&
                this->internalEnergyCurves() == data.internalEnergyCurves() &&
                this->enableThermalDensity() == data.enableThermalDensity() &&
                this->enableJouleThomson() == data.enableJouleThomson() &&
                this->enableThermalViscosity() == data.enableThermalViscosity() &&
                this->enableInternalEnergy() == data.enableInternalEnergy();
    }
 
    OilPvtThermal<Scalar>& operator=(const OilPvtThermal<Scalar>& data)
    {
        if (data.isothermalPvt_)
            isothermalPvt_ = new IsothermalPvt(*data.isothermalPvt_);
        else
            isothermalPvt_ = nullptr;
        oilvisctCurves_ = data.oilvisctCurves_;
        viscrefPress_ = data.viscrefPress_;
        viscrefRs_ = data.viscrefRs_;
        viscRef_ = data.viscRef_;
        oildentRefTemp_ = data.oildentRefTemp_;
        oildentCT1_ = data.oildentCT1_;
        oildentCT2_ = data.oildentCT2_;
        oilJTRefPres_ =  data.oilJTRefPres_;
        oilJTC_ =  data.oilJTC_;
        internalEnergyCurves_ = data.internalEnergyCurves_;
        enableThermalDensity_ = data.enableThermalDensity_;
        enableJouleThomson_ = data.enableJouleThomson_;
        enableThermalViscosity_ = data.enableThermalViscosity_;
        enableInternalEnergy_ = data.enableInternalEnergy_;
 
        return *this;
    }
 
private:
    IsothermalPvt* isothermalPvt_;
 
    // The PVT properties needed for temperature dependence of the viscosity. We need
    // to store one value per PVT region.
    std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction> oilvisctCurves_;
    std::vector<Scalar> viscrefPress_;
    std::vector<Scalar> viscrefRs_;
    std::vector<Scalar> viscRef_;
 
    // The PVT properties needed for temperature dependence of the density.
    std::vector<Scalar> oildentRefTemp_;
    std::vector<Scalar> oildentCT1_;
    std::vector<Scalar> oildentCT2_;
 
    std::vector<Scalar> oilJTRefPres_;
    std::vector<Scalar> oilJTC_;
 
    std::vector<Scalar> rhoRefG_;
 
    // piecewise linear curve representing the internal energy of oil
    std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction> internalEnergyCurves_;
 
    bool enableThermalDensity_;
    bool enableJouleThomson_;
    bool enableThermalViscosity_;
    bool enableInternalEnergy_;
};
 
} // namespace Opm
 
#endif