ReservoirCoupling.hpp

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/*
  Copyright 2024 Equinor ASA
 
  This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
 
  OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.
 
  OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  GNU General Public License for more details.
 
  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with OPM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
 
#ifndef OPM_RESERVOIR_COUPLING_HPP
#define OPM_RESERVOIR_COUPLING_HPP
#include <opm/simulators/utils/DeferredLogger.hpp>
#include <opm/simulators/utils/ParallelCommunication.hpp>
#include <opm/input/eclipse/Schedule/Group/Group.hpp>
#include <opm/input/eclipse/Schedule/Group/GuideRate.hpp>
#include <opm/input/eclipse/Units/Units.hpp>
 
#include <dune/common/parallel/mpitraits.hh>
 
#include <fmt/format.h>
 
#include <mpi.h>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <vector>
 
namespace Opm {
namespace ReservoirCoupling {
 
class Logger {
public:
    Logger() = delete;  // No default constructor - must have comm
    explicit Logger(const Parallel::Communication& comm) : comm_(comm) {}
 
    void clearDeferredLogger() { deferred_logger_ = nullptr; }
    void debug(const std::string &msg) const;
    DeferredLogger& deferredLogger() { return *deferred_logger_; }
    DeferredLogger& deferredLogger() const { return *deferred_logger_; }
    void error(const std::string &msg) const;
    bool haveDeferredLogger() const { return deferred_logger_ != nullptr; }
    void info(const std::string &msg) const;
    void warning(const std::string &msg) const;
    void setDeferredLogger(DeferredLogger *deferred_logger) { deferred_logger_ = deferred_logger; }
 
private:
    template<typename DeferredFn, typename OpmLogFn>
    void forward_(const std::string &msg, DeferredFn deferred_fn, OpmLogFn opmlog_fn) const;
 
    const Parallel::Communication& comm_;
    DeferredLogger *deferred_logger_ = nullptr;
};
 
class ScopedLoggerGuard {
public:
    explicit ScopedLoggerGuard(Logger& logger, DeferredLogger* deferred_logger)
        : logger_(&logger)
    {
        logger_->setDeferredLogger(deferred_logger);
    }
 
    ~ScopedLoggerGuard() {
        // Only clear if we still own the logger (not moved-from)
        if (logger_) {
            logger_->clearDeferredLogger();
        }
    }
 
    // Prevent copying to ensure single ownership
    ScopedLoggerGuard(const ScopedLoggerGuard&) = delete;
    ScopedLoggerGuard& operator=(const ScopedLoggerGuard&) = delete;
 
    // Enable moving - required for returning from functions and std::optional
    ScopedLoggerGuard(ScopedLoggerGuard&& other) noexcept
        : logger_(other.logger_)
    {
        // Transfer ownership: moved-from object becomes inactive and won't clear the logger
        other.logger_ = nullptr;
    }
 
    ScopedLoggerGuard& operator=(ScopedLoggerGuard&& other) noexcept {
        if (this != &other) {
            // Clean up current logger before taking ownership of new one
            if (logger_) {
                logger_->clearDeferredLogger();
            }
            // Transfer ownership from other
            logger_ = other.logger_;
            other.logger_ = nullptr;
        }
        return *this;
    }
 
private:
    // Use pointer instead of reference to enable move semantics
    // (references cannot be reassigned, which is required for move operations)
    Logger* logger_{nullptr};
};
 
enum class MessageTag : int {
    CoupledNetworkActiveStatus,
    InjectionGroupTargets,
    MasterGroupNames,
    MasterGroupNamesSize,
    MasterGroupNodePressures,
    MasterInitStatus,
    MasterStartOfReportStep,
    NumMasterGroupNodePressures,
    NumSlaveGroupConstraints,
    ProductionGroupConstraints,
    SlaveActivationDate,
    SlaveActivationHandshake,
    SlaveInjectionData,
    SlaveProcessTermination,
    SlaveName,
    SlaveNameSize,
    SlaveNextReportDate,
    SlaveNextTimeStep,
    SlaveProductionData,
    SlaveSimulationStartDate,
    SlaveStartOfReportStep,
    SlaveStatus,
};
 
inline constexpr double slave_end_of_run_sentinel = -1.0;
 
inline bool isSlaveEndOfRunSentinel(double next_report_time_offset)
{
    return next_report_time_offset < 0.0;
}
 
enum class Phase : std::size_t {
    Oil = 0,  // Matches Opm::Phase::OIL
    Gas,      // Matches Opm::Phase::GAS
    Water,    // Matches Opm::Phase::WATER
    Count
};
 
enum class RateKind {
    InjectionSurface,
    InjectionReservoir,
    ProductionSurface,
    ProductionNetworkSurface,
    ProductionReservoir
};
 
template <class Scalar>
struct InjectionRates {
    InjectionRates() = default;
 
    std::array<Scalar, static_cast<std::size_t>(Phase::Count)> rate{};
    [[nodiscard]] Scalar& operator[](Phase p)       noexcept { return rate[static_cast<std::size_t>(p)]; }
    [[nodiscard]] Scalar  operator[](Phase p) const noexcept { return rate[static_cast<std::size_t>(p)]; }
};
 
// Used to communicate potentials for oil, gas, and water rates between slave and master processes
template <class Scalar>
struct Potentials {
    std::array<Scalar, static_cast<std::size_t>(Phase::Count)> rate{};
 
    [[nodiscard]] Scalar& operator[](Phase p)       noexcept { return rate[static_cast<std::size_t>(p)]; }
    [[nodiscard]] Scalar  operator[](Phase p) const noexcept { return rate[static_cast<std::size_t>(p)]; }
};
 
template <class Scalar>
struct ProductionRates {
    ProductionRates() = default;
 
    explicit ProductionRates(const GuideRate::RateVector& rate_vector)
        : rate{static_cast<Scalar>(rate_vector.oil_rat),
               static_cast<Scalar>(rate_vector.gas_rat),
               static_cast<Scalar>(rate_vector.wat_rat)}
    {}
 
    std::array<Scalar, static_cast<std::size_t>(Phase::Count)> rate{};
    [[nodiscard]] Scalar& operator[](Phase p)       noexcept { return rate[static_cast<std::size_t>(p)]; }
    [[nodiscard]] Scalar  operator[](Phase p) const noexcept { return rate[static_cast<std::size_t>(p)]; }
};
 
// Slave group production data sent to the corresponding master group for target calculation.
template <class Scalar>
struct SlaveGroupProductionData {
    // Group production potentials are used by the master group for guiderate calculations
    Potentials<Scalar> potentials;
    // Production rates are used by the master group in guiderate calculations
    // when converting the guide rate target to the phase of the master group.
    ProductionRates<Scalar> surface_rates;  // Surface production rates by phase (network=false)
    // Network surface rates - computed with network=true, meaning efficiency factors
    // are 1.0 for groups/wells with GEFAC/WEFAC item 3 = "NO"
    ProductionRates<Scalar> network_surface_rates;  // Surface rates for network calculations
    // Individual phase reservoir production rates - needed when master's parent group
    // has RESV control mode, so the conversion uses slave's PVT properties
    ProductionRates<Scalar> reservoir_rates;  // Reservoir production rates by phase
    Scalar voidage_rate{0.0};               // Reservoir voidage replacement rate
    Scalar gas_reinjection_rate{0.0};       // Reinjection (surface) rate for the gas phase
    // Number of the slave group's producers under group control.  Zero means that no
    // producer follows the group's target, e.g. because all of them are on their own
    // THP or BHP limit.  The master then excludes the master group from its parent's
    // guide-rate distribution, see
    // RescoupConstraintsCalculator::excludeAndRedistributeProductionTargets_().
    int num_group_controlled_producers{0};
 
    // The following are only used for the summary output of the master group, which
    // has no wells of its own.  They are summed over the slave group's producers as
    // the group summary vectors of the slave run are (see the corresponding
    // evaluators in opm-common's Summary.cpp).
    //
    // well_potentials are not the same as potentials above, which are the group
    // potentials of the group state, set by GuideRateHandler for the guide rates.
    // Those are summed with WEFAC and GEFAC but without the wells' efficiency
    // scaling factor, and are only updated when the guide rates are updated.
    // well_potentials are summed from the current well potentials with all the
    // efficiency factors, as GOPP etc. of the slave run.
    Scalar gas_lift_rate{0.0};                // Lift gas rate (GGLIR)
    ProductionRates<Scalar> well_potentials;  // Production potentials (GOPP, GWPP, GGPP)
    ProductionRates<Scalar> history_rates;    // Production history rates (GOPRH, ...)
    int num_flowing_producers{0};             // Number of flowing producers (GMWPR)
};
 
// Slave group injection data sent to the corresponding master group for target calculation.
template <class Scalar>
struct SlaveGroupInjectionData {
    InjectionRates<Scalar> surface_rates{};    // Surface injection rates by phase
    InjectionRates<Scalar> reservoir_rates{};  // Reservoir injection rates by phase
    // Number of the slave group's injectors under group control, by phase
    // (indexed by Phase).  Zero means that no injector follows the group's
    // target for the phase, e.g. because all of them are on their own BHP
    // limit.  The master then excludes the master group from its parent's
    // guide-rate distribution, see
    // RescoupConstraintsCalculator::excludeAndRedistributeInjectionTargets_().
    std::array<int, static_cast<std::size_t>(Phase::Count)> num_group_controlled_injectors{};
 
    // The following are only used for the summary output of the master group, as
    // for SlaveGroupProductionData, where it is also explained how well_potentials
    // differ from potentials.
    InjectionRates<Scalar> well_potentials{};  // Injection potentials (GWPI, GGPI, GOPI)
    InjectionRates<Scalar> history_rates{};    // Injection history rates (GWIRH, ...)
    int num_flowing_injectors{0};            // Number of flowing injectors (GMWIN)
};
 
template <class Scalar>
struct InjectionGroupTarget {
    // To save memory and avoid varying size of the struct when serializing
    // and deserializing the group name, we use an index instead of the full name.
    std::size_t group_name_idx;   // Index of group name in the master group names vector
    Scalar target;                // Target rate for the group
    Group::InjectionCMode cmode;  // Control mode for the group
    Phase phase;                  // Phase the target applies to
};
 
template <class Scalar>
struct ProductionGroupConstraints {
    // To save memory and avoid varying size of the struct when serializing
    // and deserializing the group name, we use an index instead of the full name.
    std::size_t group_name_idx;   // Index of group name in the master group names vector
    Scalar target;                // Target rate for the active control mode
    Group::ProductionCMode cmode; // Active control mode for the group
    // Per-rate-type effective limits (-1 = no limit defined in hierarchy).
    // These are guide-rate-distributed limits from the group hierarchy.
    Scalar oil_limit;
    Scalar water_limit;
    Scalar gas_limit;
    Scalar liquid_limit;
    Scalar resv_limit;
};
 
template <class Scalar>
struct MasterProductionLimits {
    Scalar oil_limit{-1};
    Scalar water_limit{-1};
    Scalar gas_limit{-1};
    Scalar liquid_limit{-1};
    Scalar resv_limit{-1};
};
 
template <class Scalar>
struct MasterGroupNodePressure {
    // To save memory and avoid varying size of the struct when serializing
    // and deserializing the group name, we use an index instead of the full name.
    std::size_t group_name_idx;   // Index of group name in the master group names vector
    Scalar pressure;              // Network-leaf node pressure (SI units, Pa)
};
 
// Helper functions
Phase convertPhaseToReservoirCouplingPhase(::Opm::Phase phase);
::Opm::Phase convertToOpmPhase(const Phase phase);
void customErrorHandler_(MPI_Comm* comm, int* err, const std::string &msg);
void customErrorHandlerSlave_(MPI_Comm* comm, int* err, ...);
void customErrorHandlerMaster_(MPI_Comm* comm, int* err, ...);
void setErrhandler(MPI_Comm comm, bool is_master);
std::pair<std::vector<char>, std::size_t> serializeStrings(const std::vector<std::string>& data);
 
inline std::string formatDays(double seconds) {
    double days = seconds / unit::day;
    return fmt::format(fmt::runtime("{:.0f}s ({:.2f} days)"), seconds, days);
}
 
template <class Scalar>
struct FlowChangeLimit {
    Scalar time_step_limit;
    Scalar max_change;
};
 
template <class Scalar>
FlowChangeLimit<Scalar>
flowChangeTimeStepLimit(Scalar limiting_fraction,
                        Scalar step_length,
                        Scalar min_step,
                        const std::vector<Scalar>& start_flows,
                        const std::vector<Scalar>& end_flows);
 
struct Seconds {
    static constexpr double abstol = 1e-15;
 
    static constexpr double reltol = 1e-15;
 
    static bool compare_eq(double a, double b);
 
    static bool compare_gt(double a, double b);
 
    static bool compare_gt_or_eq(double a, double b);
 
    static bool compare_lt(double a, double b);
 
    static bool compare_lt_or_eq(double a, double b);
};
 
} // namespace ReservoirCoupling
} // namespace Opm
 
#endif // OPM_RESERVOIR_COUPLING_HPP