{"id":23,"date":"2015-10-08T08:38:18","date_gmt":"2015-10-08T08:38:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/95.85.43.55\/?page_id=23"},"modified":"2018-01-09T13:41:34","modified_gmt":"2018-01-09T13:41:34","slug":"upscaling","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/opm-project.org\/?page_id=23","title":{"rendered":"Upscaling"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>OPM Upscaling is a collection of tools for single-phase and steady-state upscaling of capillary pressure and relative permeability.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_87\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-87\" style=\"width: 1500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"\/\/opm-project.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/OPM-Upscaling.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-87 size-full\" src=\"\/\/opm-project.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/OPM-Upscaling.png\" alt=\"Illustration of upscaling. The left figure shows averaging of porosity within a model that contains two facies. The right figures shows steady-state upscaling of relative permeability for a bed model.\" width=\"1500\" height=\"420\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-87\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration of upscaling. The left figure shows averaging of porosity within a model that contains two facies. The right figures shows steady-state upscaling of relative permeability for a bed model.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Single-phase upscaling<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>flow-based method that uses directional flow problems<\/li>\n<li>fixed, linear, or periodic boundary conditions<\/li>\n<li>consistent spatial discretization (mimetic finite differences) reduces grid-orientation effects<\/li>\n<li>linear solver: algebraic multigrid<\/li>\n<li>produces symmetric tensor (with periodic boundary conditions)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Elastic parameters<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Algebraic multigrid and overlapping Schwarz preconditioner<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Relative permeability and capillary curves:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>first: computes steady-state by solving two-phase, incompressible, immiscible flow with capillary and gravity forces<\/li>\n<li>then: computes effective permeability for given phase mobilities<\/li>\n<li>generally gives full tensor relative permeability<\/li>\n<li>same pressure solver as in single-phase upscaling (mimetic, AMG)<\/li>\n<li>transport solver: two-point, mobility-weighted upwind scheme, explicit or implicit temporal discretization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Electrical resistivity\/conductivity<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Initialisation of saturations using capillary equilibrium<\/li>\n<li>Resistivity\/conductivity properties is populated using Archie&#8217;s law<\/li>\n<li>Resistivity\/conductivity is homogenized using Ohm&#8217;s law<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Upscaling utility<\/strong> (cp-chop):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>chops a corner-point model into coarse blocks<\/li>\n<li>upscales individual blocks in parallel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>OPM Upscaling is a collection of tools for single-phase and steady-state upscaling of capillary pressure and relative permeability. Single-phase upscaling: flow-based method that uses directional flow problems fixed, linear, or periodic boundary conditions consistent spatial discretization (mimetic finite differences) reduces grid-orientation effects linear solver: algebraic multigrid produces symmetric tensor (with periodic boundary conditions) Elastic parameters: &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/opm-project.org\/?page_id=23\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Upscaling<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opm-project.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/23"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opm-project.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opm-project.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opm-project.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opm-project.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/opm-project.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/23\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1038,"href":"https:\/\/opm-project.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/23\/revisions\/1038"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opm-project.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}