Air.hpp

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// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
/*
  This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).

  OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.

  OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  GNU General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with OPM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

  Consult the COPYING file in the top-level source directory of this
  module for the precise wording of the license and the list of
  copyright holders.
*/
#ifndef OPM_AIR_HPP
#define OPM_AIR_HPP

#include <opm/common/Exceptions.hpp>

#include <opm/material/components/Component.hpp>
#include <opm/material/common/MathToolbox.hpp>
#include <opm/material/IdealGas.hpp>

#include <string_view>

namespace Opm {

template <class Scalar>
class Air : public Component<Scalar, Air<Scalar> >
{
    typedef ::Opm::IdealGas<Scalar> IdealGas;

public:
    using Component<Scalar, Air<Scalar>>::isTabulated;

    static bool liquidIsCompressible()
    { throw std::runtime_error("Not implemented: Component::liquidIsCompressible()"); }

    static std::string_view name()
    { return "Air"; }

    static bool gasIsCompressible()
    { return true; }

    static bool gasIsIdeal()
    { return true; }

    static Scalar molarMass()
    { return 0.02896; /* [kg/mol] */ }

    static Scalar criticalTemperature()
    { return 132.531 ; /* [K] */ }

    static Scalar criticalPressure()
    { return 37.86e5; /* [Pa] */ }

    template <class Evaluation>
    static Evaluation gasDensity(const Evaluation& temperature, const Evaluation& pressure)
    { return IdealGas::density(Evaluation(molarMass()), temperature, pressure); }

    template <class Evaluation>
    static Evaluation gasPressure(const Evaluation& temperature, Scalar density)
    { return IdealGas::pressure(temperature, density/molarMass()); }

    template <class Evaluation>
    static Evaluation gasViscosity(const Evaluation& temperature, const Evaluation& /*pressure*/)
    {
        Scalar Tc = criticalTemperature();
        Scalar Vc = 84.525138; // critical specific volume [cm^3/mol]
        Scalar omega = 0.078; // accentric factor
        Scalar M = molarMass() * 1e3; // molar mas [g/mol]
        Scalar dipole = 0.0; // dipole moment [debye]

        Scalar mu_r4 = 131.3 * dipole / std::sqrt(Vc * Tc);
        mu_r4 *= mu_r4;
        mu_r4 *= mu_r4;

        Scalar Fc = 1 - 0.2756*omega + 0.059035*mu_r4;
        Evaluation Tstar = 1.2593 * temperature/Tc;
        Evaluation Omega_v =
            1.16145*pow(Tstar, -0.14874) +
            0.52487*exp(- 0.77320*Tstar) +
            2.16178*exp(- 2.43787*Tstar);
        return 40.7851e-7*Fc*sqrt(M*temperature)/(std::pow(Vc, 2./3)*Omega_v);
    }

    // simpler method, from old constrelAir.hh
    template <class Evaluation>
    static Evaluation simpleGasViscosity(const Evaluation& temperature, const Evaluation& /*pressure*/)
    {
        if(temperature < 273.15 || temperature > 660.) {
            throw NumericalProblem("Air: Temperature "+std::to_string(scalarValue(temperature))+"K out of range");
        }
        return 1.496e-6*pow(temperature, 1.5)/(temperature + 120);
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    static Evaluation gasEnthalpy(const Evaluation& temperature, const Evaluation& /*pressure*/)
    {
        return 1005.0*temperature;
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    static Evaluation gasInternalEnergy(const Evaluation& temperature,
                                        const Evaluation& pressure)
    {
        return
            gasEnthalpy(temperature, pressure)
            - (IdealGas::R*temperature/molarMass()); // <- pressure times specific volume of an ideal gas
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    static Evaluation gasThermalConductivity(const Evaluation& /*temperature*/,
                                             const Evaluation& /*pressure*/)
    {
        // Isobaric Properties for Nitrogen in: NIST Standard
        // see http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/fluid/
        // evaluated at p=.1 MPa, T=20°C
        // Nitrogen: 0.025398
        // Oxygen: 0.026105
        // lambda_air is approximately 0.78*lambda_N2+0.22*lambda_O2
        return 0.0255535;
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    static Evaluation gasHeatCapacity(const Evaluation&,
                                      const Evaluation&)
    {
        return 1005.0;
    }
};

} // namespace Opm

#endif