Air.hpp

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// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
/*
  Copyright (C) 2010-2013 by Andreas Lauser
  Copyright (C) 2011 by Benjamin Faigle
  Copyright (C) 2010 by Bernd Flemisch

  This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).

  OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.

  OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  GNU General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with OPM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#ifndef OPM_AIR_HPP
#define OPM_AIR_HPP

#include <opm/material/components/Component.hpp>
#include <opm/material/common/MathToolbox.hpp>
#include <opm/material/IdealGas.hpp>

#include <opm/common/Exceptions.hpp>
#include <opm/common/ErrorMacros.hpp>

namespace Opm {

template <class Scalar>
class Air : public Component<Scalar, Air<Scalar> >
{
    typedef Opm::IdealGas<Scalar> IdealGas;

public:
    static bool liquidIsCompressible()
    { OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Not implemented: Component::liquidIsCompressible()"); }

    static const char *name()
    { return "Air"; }

    static bool gasIsCompressible()
    { return true; }

    static bool gasIsIdeal()
    { return true; }

    static Scalar molarMass()
    { return 0.02896; /* [kg/mol] */ }

    static Scalar criticalTemperature()
    { return 132.531 ; /* [K] */ }

    static Scalar criticalPressure()
    { return 37.86e5; /* [Pa] */ }

    template <class Evaluation>
    static Evaluation gasDensity(const Evaluation& temperature, const Evaluation& pressure)
    { return IdealGas::density(Evaluation(molarMass()), temperature, pressure); }

    template <class Evaluation>
    static Evaluation gasPressure(const Evaluation& temperature, Scalar density)
    { return IdealGas::pressure(temperature, density/molarMass()); }

    template <class Evaluation>
    static Evaluation gasViscosity(const Evaluation& temperature, const Evaluation& /*pressure*/)
    {
        typedef MathToolbox<Evaluation> Toolbox;

        Scalar Tc = criticalTemperature();
        Scalar Vc = 84.525138; // critical specific volume [cm^3/mol]
        Scalar omega = 0.078; // accentric factor
        Scalar M = molarMass() * 1e3; // molar mas [g/mol]
        Scalar dipole = 0.0; // dipole moment [debye]

        Scalar mu_r4 = 131.3 * dipole / std::sqrt(Vc * Tc);
        mu_r4 *= mu_r4;
        mu_r4 *= mu_r4;

        Scalar Fc = 1 - 0.2756*omega + 0.059035*mu_r4;
        Evaluation Tstar = 1.2593 * temperature/Tc;
        Evaluation Omega_v =
            1.16145*Toolbox::pow(Tstar, -0.14874) +
            0.52487*Toolbox::exp(- 0.77320*Tstar) +
            2.16178*Toolbox::exp(- 2.43787*Tstar);
        return 40.7851e-7*Fc*Toolbox::sqrt(M*temperature)/(std::pow(Vc, 2./3)*Omega_v);
    }

    // simpler method, from old constrelAir.hh
    template <class Evaluation>
    static Evaluation simpleGasViscosity(const Evaluation& temperature, const Evaluation& /*pressure*/)
    {
        typedef MathToolbox<Evaluation> Toolbox;

        if(temperature < 273.15 || temperature > 660.) {
            OPM_THROW(NumericalProblem,
                      "Air: Temperature (" << temperature << "K) out of range");
        }
        return 1.496e-6*Toolbox::pow(temperature, 1.5)/(temperature + 120);
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    static Evaluation gasEnthalpy(const Evaluation& temperature, const Evaluation& /*pressure*/)
    {
        return 1005*(temperature - 273.15);
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    static Evaluation gasInternalEnergy(const Evaluation& temperature,
                                        const Evaluation& pressure)
    {
        return
            gasEnthalpy(temperature, pressure)
            - (IdealGas::R*temperature/molarMass()); // <- specific volume of an ideal gas
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    static Evaluation gasThermalConductivity(const Evaluation& /*temperature*/,
                                             const Evaluation& /*pressure*/)
    {
        // Isobaric Properties for Nitrogen in: NIST Standard
        // see http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/fluid/
        // evaluated at p=.1 MPa, T=20°C
        // Nitrogen: 0.025398
        // Oxygen: 0.026105
        // lambda_air is approximately 0.78*lambda_N2+0.22*lambda_O2
        return 0.0255535;
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    static Evaluation gasHeatCapacity(const Evaluation& temperature,
                                      const Evaluation& /*pressure*/)
    {
        typedef MathToolbox<Evaluation> Toolbox;

        // scale temperature by reference temp of 100K
        Evaluation phi = temperature/100;

        Evaluation c_p =
            0.661738E+01
            -0.105885E+01 * phi
            +0.201650E+00 * Toolbox::pow(phi,2.)
            -0.196930E-01 * Toolbox::pow(phi,3.)
            +0.106460E-02 * Toolbox::pow(phi,4.)
            -0.303284E-04 * Toolbox::pow(phi,5.)
            +0.355861E-06 * Toolbox::pow(phi,6.);
        c_p +=
            -0.549169E+01 * Toolbox::pow(phi,-1.)
            +0.585171E+01* Toolbox::pow(phi,-2.)
            -0.372865E+01* Toolbox::pow(phi,-3.)
            +0.133981E+01* Toolbox::pow(phi,-4.)
            -0.233758E+00* Toolbox::pow(phi,-5.)
            +0.125718E-01* Toolbox::pow(phi,-6.);
        c_p *= IdealGas::R / (molarMass() * 1000); // in J/mol/K * mol / kg / 1000 = kJ/kg/K

        return  c_p;
    }
};

} // namespace Opm

#endif